Spectrophotometric Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Growth and Biofilm Formation in Saliva and Histatin-5 Relate to pH and Viscosity

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the ability of saliva in controlling the growth and the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) as well as the effect of histatin-5 anti-biofilm relate to pH and saliva viscosity. Material and Methods: The S. mutans biofilm assayed by crystal violet 1% and its growth measured by spectrophotometer. The saliva viscosity was analyzed by viscometer, and pH of saliva was measured by pH meter. Results: Based on the optical density values, growth of S. mutans in saliva ranged <300 CFU/mL (0.1 nm) at concentrations of 25%, 12.5% and 6.25% for 24 hours. Whereas at the 48 h and 72 h period of incubation shown an increase in growth of S. mutans ranged 300-600 CFU/mL (0.2-0.36 nm). The inhibitory biofilm formation of S. mutans in saliva was significantly higher at concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% at 24 h incubation times on a moderate scale, whereas the histatin-5 was effective to inhibit S. mutans biofilm on the 50 and 25 ppm. The saliva possessed a higher inhibitory of biofilm S. mutans than histatin-5 and good level viscosity (0.91-0.92 cP). Conclusion: The saliva was able to control the growth of S. mutans, and histatin-5 can inhibit the biofilm formation S. mutans. Furthermore, the saliva was also able to respond to the pH change with good viscosity of saliva.

Polymorphism of Vitamin D Receptor Gene -Taq1 (RS 731236) Associated With Plasma Vitamin D Group Levels Among Breast Cancer Patients in H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan

Aim Breast cancer was one of the most cancer occurred in women worldwide. Taq 1 polymorphism, a silent SNP,was thought to be genetic risk factor for breast cancer. This study was aimed to understand the relationshipbetween vitamin D receptor gene–Taq 1 (RS 731236) polymorphism and plasma vitamin D level among breastcancer patients in RSU H. Adam Malik Medan. Material and Methods Blood sample was collected from 53 newbreast cancer cases that had not received any chemotherapy. DNA isolation and gene amplification was doneusing PCR then followed with RFLP using Taq 1 restriction enzyme. The level of 25(OH)D was measured usingELISA. Result and Discussion Study results showed TT genotype was 92.5%, TC genotype was 7.5%, CC genotypewas 0 % using Hardy-Winberg Equilibrium (HWE) p=0.77, mean value of vitamin D level in study subject was28.16 ng/ml (CI 95%: 25.71-30.60). Fisher exact test analysis concluded that polymorphism of vitamin D receptorgene-Taq1 associated with plasma vitamin D group levels among breast cancer patients in H. Adam MalikHospital, Medan (p= 0.033) but there was no difference in mean plasma vitamin D levels between genotypegroups of Taq1 (p=0.141). Conclusion Vitamin D receptor gene-Taq1 polymorphism was associated with plasmavitamin D group level and but no significant differences in mean plasma vitamin D levels between genotypegroups of Taq1.

Short-term intravenous zoledronic acid in severe osteogenesis imperfecta: A report of three siblings of children.

This report documented the clinical and biochemical side effects on the first dose of intravenous zoledronic acid therapy in three siblings with severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Zoledronic acid was administered in 50 ml 0.9% saline solution over a period of 30 minutes. All patients had fever during the first 6 to 48 hours after the first infusion. There were no renal side effects, apart from asymptomatic hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia at 48 and 72 hours after zoledronic acid infusion. The minimal clinical side effects were easily manageable.